Causes And Consequences Of Diabetes - 1573 Words

A major reason why adults go blind is because they’re diabetic, but about one third of people don’t know that they have the disease. It’s a dangerous condition that requires careful treatment on a day-to-day basis, and a cost of $174 billion annually, including $116 billion in direct medical expenses (â€Å"10 Things you Might Not Know about Diabetes†). So, how can we avoid it? There are many different causes, effects, and treatments for diabetes in the world, but which are the most common treatments with the best outcomes? Everyone should know about the causes of diabetes so more people can avoid this dilemma and have the best lifestyle routine they can for their health and longevity. Sugar can lead to some cases of diabetes, but not directly, and diabetes should be avoided because of the life changing, threatening side effects and damaging factors that result. I chose â€Å"How does sugar lead to diabetes and what are the side effects and damaging facto rs of it?† as my topic, because diabetes runs in my family and I wanted to be able to know more about what causes it, in order to avoid it. My parents have admonished me when I have eaten too unhealthy in the past because of my family history of sugar problems. A few years ago, I began to notice differences in how my body reacted to sugar. On days I had more sugar than normal, I would begin to feel shaky, lightheaded, and cumbersome. Eating sugar would muddle my thoughts. More recently, even just eating a little bit of sugar hasShow MoreRelatedCauses And Consequences Of Type 2 Diabetes3107 Words   |  13 PagesType 2 Diabetes is a chronic life threatening disease that affects individuals from all walks of life. It affects your bodies’ natural ability to produce or use insulin which is vital for your body to function normally. The issue with having type 2 diabetes is that there is no cure, it can only be controlled through associated medical remedies and a disciplined healthy lifestyle. Before Canadian Fredrick Banting had discovered a way to produce synthetic insulin, diabetes was considered a death sentenceRead MoreEndocrine Research Paper Pathophysiology: Diabetes Mellitus1384 Words   |  6 Pagesworld population)(Diabetes Facts). When people think about epidemics that affect the world today, the first ones that usually come to mind are those that kill of millions of people every year such as HIV, malaria, or the influenza. There are even those that haven’t been as deadly but have gained extreme notoriety such as the H1N1 virus, cholera, and anthrax. For this paper forget about HIV, H1N1, cholera, and the influenza; introducing Diabetes mellitus: a silent epidemic. Diabetes mellitus or commonlyRead MoreCauses Of Type 2 Diabetes And Obesity1484 Words   |  6 PagesThis report highlights the main causes of Type 2 Diabetes and the association between diabetes and obesity in adults. The report also discusses the associated health implications for those people who have been diagnosed with this disease and some of the long term affects on health. CONTENTS Introduction 4 Causes of Type 2 Diabetes 4 Risk Factors for Diabetes 4 Consequences of Diabetes 4 Health Implications 5 Symptoms of Type 2 Diabetes 5 Management of Diabetes 5 Costs to the NHS 6 Health ImprovementRead MoreWho Is Diagnosed With Type Two Diabetes? Essay1307 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction There are many individuals who are diagnosed with type two diabetes who do not truly know what it is, or chooses not to take it seriously. My grandmother is someone who has suffered with this for over twenty years, and still fails to realize how important it is to maintain good habits to stay healthy and alive. The cause of this disease is from being obese, and for my Nanny that was a hard thing to accept. Although she was married and seemed to be happy to others, that was far fromRead MoreObesity Is Prevalent Between Children And Adolescents In1177 Words   |  5 PagesObesity is the second leading cause of death after smoking in the US. It also causes cancer, and it is associated with unhealthy eating and less exercise or physical activity. The concerns of childhood and adolescent obesity include earlier puberty and menarche in girls, type 2 diabetes and increased rate of the metabolic disease in adolescence and adults. Therefore, the rate of obesity has increased in the American children in the last three years. The type 2 diabetes causes anticipated debilitatingRead MoreThe Effects Of Collaborative Goal Setting On The Pre Diabetic Population1340 Words   |  6 PagesPopulation Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a serious medical condition where the body is unable to process glucose resulting in elevated blood glucose values. Pre-diabetes is a condition where blood glucose values are higher than normal, but not yet high enough to be diagnosed as type 2 diabetes. The CDC (2014) reports that 1 in 3 adults in the United States has pre-diabetes, although many are unaware of their status. Without lifestyle changes pre-diabetes can develop into type 2 diabetes within 5 yearsRead MoreThe Relation Between Type One Diabetes, Biology And Insulin Essay864 Words   |  4 PagesNovember 16, 2016 The Relation Between Type one Diabetes, Biology and Insulin What is type one diabetes? â€Å"With type 1 diabetes, the body’s immune system attacks part of its own pancreas† (â€Å"What is Type one diabetes† 1). The body is unable to function properly, resulting in unhealthy levels of high or low blood sugar. This will lead to dramatic consequences, if not treated quickly and correctly. Scientists are still not sure what is causing diabetes nor do they know how to stop it. There is stillRead MoreDiabetes Mellitus ( Dm ) Or Type 2 Diabetes1398 Words   |  6 PagesDiabetes Mellitus (DM) or Type 2 Diabetes is seen as a metabolic disease that is categorized by abnormally high blood glucose or hyperglycemia. Diabetes Mellitus is also formerly known as noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and is the most common form of diabetes that is seen. Insulin is a hormone that is supplied to the body that allows us to efficiently use glucose as fuel. When carbohydrates are broken down into sugars in the stomach glucose enters th e blood circulation simulating the pancreasRead MoreThe Causes And Effect Of Diabetes1376 Words   |  6 Pagesthe diabetes process, the pancreas can compensate for the insulin resistance by secreting even more insulin. Eventually the body becomes completely resistant to the insulin, and there is where this disease can get very hard to manage. This process can take a couple of years and early detection and treatment can really help slow down the process. Smoking cigarettes and drinking alcohol can also be a contributing factor. These are the main causes of type two diabetes, but there is also diabetes thatRead MoreHow Fast Food Has A Latent Function957 Words   |  4 PagesFor many years, people have turned to fast food restaurants to get food that is prepared and served very quickly. Without knowing that fast food has an unaware consequences. Furthermore, I grew up in a country where people cooked every day. However when I moved to the United States, the lifestyle that I knew changed. Due to my parents work schedules, it was easier to get fast food. But, I did not know that fast food has a latent effect. Using Functionalist Robert K. Merton idea that every activities

Mary Shelley s Frankenstein And The Monster - 1051 Words

1.) FRANKENSTEIN 2.) Mary Shelley 3.) Horror Fiction, Tragedy, Romantic, Science Fiction 4.) March 11th, 1816 5.) The setting throughout Frankenstein is during the 18th century in Europe and the North Pole during the â€Å"Romanticism† time period. Romanticism was mostly centered on nature, human emotions, tolerance of humanity, and freedom. The setting of this time period has an effect on the characters, such as Victor Frankenstein because as he ventures off from Geneva, to the Alps, France, England, Scotland, and Ingolstadt his mood changes because in each place he has traveled to in the story, he comes across an occurrence whether it is good or bad. 6.) The main characters in Frankenstein are Victor Frankenstein and the Monster. Victor Frankenstein is a determined person who takes pride into learning natural philosophy. He is a motivated person who works nonstop and never gave up on creating his creation. â€Å"These thoughts supported my spirits, while I pursued my undertaking with unremitting ardour. My cheek had grown pale with study, and my person had become emanciated with confinement. Sometimes, on the very brink of certainty, I failed; yet still I clung to the hope which the next day or the next hour might realize† (page 44). Frankenstein is a noble savage who starts off as a kind monster in the beginning of his existence and then turns into a revengeful monster towards the end of the story by hurting Victor’s loved ones. He is a caring person when it comes to lookingShow MoreRelatedMary Shelley s Frankenstein And The Monster2640 Words   |  11 Pagesthe novel Frankenstein, it is apparent that the two mai n characters, Victor Frankenstein and the monster created by this man, share the parallel obsession of revenge. In Frankenstein, author Mary Shelley asserts that the feeling of loneliness causes those characters who are affected by such a feeling of loneliness to seek revenge, as evidenced by each of the creature’s murder of William, Victor’s destruction of the female monster, and the subsequent death of Victor. Victor Frankenstein is a manRead MoreThe True Monsters Of Mary Shelley s Frankenstein961 Words   |  4 PagesThe True Monsters In Mary Shelley’s novel Frankenstein, Victor Frankenstein creates a monster whose appearance brings ineffable terror and destruction into his life. However, the monster’s appearance and actions are not an accurate representation of the monster and are influenced by many outward factors that ultimately trace back to his creator. The monster’s grotesque outward appearance acts as a mirror as it reflects the true inward qualities of Victor as well as shows the flaws and abnormalitiesRead MoreMary Shelley s Frankenstein And The Monster945 Words   |  4 PagesThroughout Mary Shelley’s novel Frankenstein, many similarities become eminent between Victor Frankenstein and the Creature. Despite their different outward appearances, Victor and the monster have many similar qualities. The major parallels between the creator and the creation include: hunger for knowledge, isolation, role as God, and the utilization of revenge. Although they have different intentions, both the Creature and Victor Frankenstein display a hunger for knowledge. Victor spends daysRead MoreThe Creation Of The Monster By Mary Shelley s Frankenstein1214 Words   |  5 Pagesespecially true in Mary Shelley’s 1818 classic novel, Frankenstein. 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The creator talked upon Shelley expressing that â€Å"She emphasizes that she was not confined to her own identity in these daydreams, she became othersRead MoreThe Evil Of The Monster By Mary Shelley s Frankenstein1048 Words   |  5 PagesShelley’s Frankenstein, the monster commits a number of immoral acts out of rage. These actions are directly related to the monsters creation and upbringing. The burden of fault for the monsters actions rests on Victor Frankenstein’s shoulders alone. The lack of attention Frankenstein contributed towards the monster, and his life teaching, is directly correlated with the actions the creature made throughout his existence. Although the creature physically caused the murders, Victor Frankenstein instigatedRead MoreMan Or Monster? By Mary Shelley s Frankenstein And Oscar Wilde s The Picture Of Dorian Gray2820 Words   |  12 PagesMan or Monster? 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In her writings, Shelley would take a theme that was evident in her own life and apply them to her writings. â€Å"Mary Shelley, in her second novel [Valperga] as well as in her first [Frankenstein], is interested in takingRead MoreMary Shelleys Frankenstein: A Gothic Novel1595 Words   |  7 Pages Mary Shelly’s Frankenstein is one of the greatest Gothic novels to come out during the Romantic Period. Frankenstein is a prime example of what a Gothic novel should present to its reader through the genre’s twisted themes. Even though it was written in the Romantic period, Mary Shelley still wrote Frankenstein to be a Gothic work of literature. Many characteristics of Gothic novel can be seen within this novel. Mary Shelley’s outstanding novel Frankenstein is a prime example of a Gothic novelRead MoreThe Volcanic Eruption Of Mount Tambora935 Words   |  4 PagesYears Later,† William J. 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Informations Management Free Essays

string(138) " originated from the immediate environment, a company that is trying to expand globally needs to evaluate any potential threat worldwide\." Systems and Management Contents Executive Summary The reports sets about assessing HA Loge’s current business operation both in the UK and India, this done by utilizing three analysis tools, SOOT analysis, PESTLE analysis and Porters Fiver Forces analysis. From the SOOT analysis the reports highlights several key points, which includes the potential of overseas sales in emerging economies and the benefits of having manufacturing faculties in India. The lack of developed e-commerce and the poor utilization of information technology advances have been highlighted as one of the biggest weakness of HA Loge’s. We will write a custom essay sample on Informations Management or any similar topic only for you Order Now The PESTLE analysis has shown that while traditional consumer (local councils) have less money to spend and sales may decline In the short term, the opportunities from a new ‘Affluent Achievers’ market holds great promise. The desire for going ‘green’ In both social attitudes and wider environmental laws is also an opportunity that can be exploited for HA Loge’s gains. Porters Five Forces has highlighted that threat of new entrants is high because the Entry barrier is high as many competitors try to earn market share in the business of street furniture. The bargaining power of buyers mains high due to councils trying to get the lowest price possible and high number companies who are sharing / or trying to enter the same market. Threat of substitute products remains low because of the high saturation of competitors producing similar products. Bargaining power of suppliers is also low thanks to the adduce of manufacturers offering highly competitive prices and low specialization within the market. A new IT portfolio has also been recommend for HA Loge’s to implement, this includes a complete overhaul of the current ageing IT systems and new website as long as an active social media engagement. A new ERP is vital for HA Loge’s future and it has been recommended that SAP be implemented across the company and a new website that will help increase sale within the ‘Affluent Achievers’ market. The risks of implementing such changes has also been factored in and explored in details, with the potential of possible issues occurring, such as staff training and skills. The effect that the new portfolio will have on both the suppliers and customers of HA Loge’s has also been explored and in conjunction with the implementation timeshare, has highlighted the need for a well organized and structured phasing to the new systems. The recommendation is that HA Loge’s take a multi phased approach to implementing the new systems that includes a pre-stage of evaluation of staff and their ability to use the new systems and a comprehensive training program . This will be followed by a trial run of the new systems, a soft and partial changeover and then finally a complete switch to the new system, whilst keeping the old systems for 2-3 months as a backup. Following the situational analysis of HA Loge’s current business and the assessment of its IT requirements, our recommendations on what HA Loge’s requires for the future will allow it to succeed ND grow into new markets and remain profitable for the following years. 1 . Situational Analysis and Strategic Direction 1. 1 . SOOT Analysts 1. . 1 Strengths As it can be seen from the above table, H. A Logon Sons, are in an advantageous situation compared to other companies, especially in the United Kingdom. The fact that the company was established since 1952 and has shown stability economically through time allows the opportunity to create a very strong and powerful name. The brand potential can allow immediate expansion and takeover of the U. K market rely due to its relations hip with the local councils and the existing top of quality product range they have. The market is growing and the low competition may allow the company to become market leaders. The Polls group have conducted a market analysis which shows that a lot of the street furniture companies are under immediate danger (Pillions, 2014). The possession of the Indian factory reduces the cost and provides a better advantage on the pricing of the products since they can be offered at lower prices. The weaknesses described in the SOOT analysis can be fully exploited and used to the company’s advantage. The creation of a website and use of social networking will allow easier market penetration and provide easier and cost effective means to reach the target segmentations. It is however noteworthy that the relationship between the H. Q. In India and U. K should be worked on, as this can be beneficial to the client. Better organizational behavior would effectively mean a better working environment and consequently more efficient production. The operations management could be well benefited from such a change. . 1. 3 Opportunities The opportunities created since the budget for immediate reformation came into existence are extensive in various directions. By creating a patriotic slogan, it will enable the enhancement of the company’s image, thus gaining an advantage over other competitors, especially since the major clients of the investigating market are the councils. One can argue that here is no better way to spend the tax payer’s money to a native company with a lot of history of consistent quality and relations. The Lugubrious University can be funded in PhD to offer extensive research on LED Lighting. Especially since LED lighting market is about to increase by 20% McKinneyCompany, 2012) and surpass 20 billion USED by 2020 (Technology, 2014). Biding may be done in the Chinese projects ready to be released in 2017. This is due to the fact that the Chinese government had a problem with the already installed LED Lighting and are expected to replace the lighting introduced. 0-15 to street lighting companies will be able to bid on the project (Magazine, 2007-2014). There is the chance to enter the Chinese market with an upgraded and more professional image. A more environmental friendly approach will attract attention. 1. 1. 4 Threats Even though threats may not be originated from the immediate environment, a company that is trying to expand globally needs to evaluate any potential threat worldwide. You read "Informations Management" in category "Management" The growing expertise of U. S and Chi na on LED lighting may be proven difficult to reach. However with effective research, the knowledge can be obtained and surpass the existing threats. There is growing competition in the Far East and these companies may be favored and correctly encountered. In conclusion, H. A Logon Sons can expand in other markets such as the Chinese market. They can reach the market segmentation ‘affluent achievers’ through proper marketing and anally they can even expand in the direction of street advertising with minimum costs but great profits. This can be achieved because street furniture is already sold in the local councils. Advertising is a very powerful tool for expansion as it can provide instant change in profits and promotion of the company. This idea is already exploited by Caduceus, a French company Caduceus, 2014) and the market is suspected to reach 35. 5 billion USED by 2016 (Edition, 2014). Key factors for this increase are arbitration, meliorating global economy and digital out of home advertising. 1. 2. PESTLE Analysis Technological Technological Improvements Company’s spending on R (PhD) Access to newest technology Social Media (development Usage) Socio-cultural Educational Level CEO – friendly habits Turning into Charity Organizations 0 Corporate Social Responsibility (Eunice or other corporations) New market Different culture organizational Culture (India Manufacture) Population growth Attitudes towards saving and investing ‘Affluent Achievers’ Attitudes towards product quality and customer service Political Government regulations Economic policies Tax policy Trade restrictions Economic Inflation rate I-J is growing economically so more spending to normal products. (Business Economics) China ready to offer projects (LED lights? ) Exchange rates (entering global market) Fiscal policies (India) Growth rates Labor cost minimized Trade flows and patterns (PhD) Environmental Recycling Waste management Attitude toward ‘green’ or ecological products Legal Law that affects the business environment in Asia Vs. law in the UK Industry specific regulations e-commerce From deducting a PESTLE analysis three major points can be derived and should be exploited. Firstly, countries nowadays are trying to be as CEO-friendly as possible. The CEO-friendly awareness is increasingly more popular, therefore the company should follow an environmental approach. By producing street furniture or more products in particular street lighting that indeed are environmental friendly, the company can attract buyers. Entering an CEO-friendly mode will show sensitivity company. Thus the councils will be more attracted to the company’s products since they will benefit from the CEO-friendly approach. Secondly, the current recession is fading away and the coming years will be marked with an economic boom since England is recovering effectively from the economic crisis (Oxalate, 2013). The increase in income will provide increase in demand as there is a positive relationship between the two variables. This would inevitably mean that the market of the ‘affluent achievers’ will also increase and this is the market that Loge’s should concentrate on. A report by the ALGA shows that between 2011 and 201 5 spending cuts will amount to 33% in real terms. It is clear to see that the previous strong consumer base in local councils may falter and as a source of revenue may not be growing, least not in the short term. Therefore Loge’s should be more aggressive with contract bidding. This also leads to a secondary point that out cash flow in the short term maybe less and more opportunities must be sought out, as well as a better financing (Association, 2013). Thirdly, political factors are defined as political issues which can occur in the company, in the areas where the company is operating, both nationwide and worldwide. The effect on business and legislation can be done by political changes and globalization. Government regulations, tax policy and trade restrictions are the main factors that should be taken into notice. Finally, technology is rapidly developing, especially in countries as USA and China hat are more advanced in markets of LED lighting or even street advertising. By investing in technology and creating Research and Development support teams, the company may expertise in LED Lighting sector and can increase its product range such as including interactive panels, which allow advertising to occur. The company may not be directly involved with the advertising but they can actually sell or rent the panels to the local councils. The councils can choose whether to advertise events or other companies for personal profit. The PESTLE analysis did not raise any flags to any legal concerns or any other matter of the type. 1. 3. Porter five forces The threat of new entrants is high. The company is a market leader in I-J and competitors abroad, bigger companies that have better technological equipment and are trying to earn market share in the business of street furniture. They also have better relationships with councils abroad, since Loge’s company has relationships mainly in UK and isn’t established long enough abroad. Furthermore, these companies can take advantage of their bigger brand awareness and make agreements more easily than Lagan’s company. However, Supply -Side economies of scale are exploited for Loge’s since they own their supply factory. This spreads the fixed costs over more units. This deters entry by forcing the ‘aspired entrant’ to come in the industry on a large scale production or accept a cost disadvantage. Finally incumbency advantages are independent of size. This effectively means that H. A. Loge’s are not easily threatened by potential entrants due to their geographic location Cobber, 2010). The bargaining power of suppliers is low. The company has the opportunity to collaborate with many manufacturers as suppliers, which allows the company to easily make an agreement with another supplier. There is sufficiency f raw materials, which doesn’t allow suppliers to have monopoly on them. Bulk buying can be used and this will result in having discount in price during purchasing. The bargaining power of buyers is high due to the large volume of business agreements between the company and the councils for a wide range of products. Failing at the negotiations with the councils can result in losing a wide range of business projects. Their high power gives them the allowance to force down prices and the Loge’s company shall accept it since there is the threat of their competitors. The threat of substitute products is low. All companies in the street furniture business manufacture almost the same products and there are no known substitutes. LED lights and panels could be characterized as substitute products, but there aren’t brought in the East Midlands market yet (assumption). In the case that the substitutes are considered high, Loge’s should distance itself from substitutes through product performance and marketing. The threat of intense segment rivalry is high. In UK during the last years many companies were obliged to exit the street furniture market because of the economic crisis. The companies that survived Loge’s company), managed to dominate in the I-J market, but as it seems lately there is an increasing number of big companies from abroad that are trying to enter and invest in this market. â€Å"Rivalry is especially destructive to profitability if it gravitates solely to price because price competition transfers profits directly from an industry to its customers†. The new market of ‘affluent achievers’ will likely draw new entrants due to the chance of exploitation. Care should be considered to avoid the above statement. Although H. A Loge’s will be the first to enter they should do so in a manner that will allow them to establish their network with brand recognition, excellence in customer service and price stability (E. Porter, 2008). 2. Metrics,’Kip At H Logan, attention has always been paid mostly to their financial metrics as opposed to the inputs that drive the numbers. In this section, other possible performance metrics will be discussed according to the new proposed strategy plan. Financial metrics are like descriptive statistics and says something unique about a characteristic of the whole body of data that might not be obvious from merely reviewing individual finance figures (Tax, 2009). Firms and management require an objective way to measure performance so more often than not, it’s easier to go straight into the result and forgetting to measure also what led to those results. Financial metrics are useful but shouldn’t be used on its own because financial performance is a result or consequence of something else (Tax, 2009). Operating metrics are the inputs that correlate or drive the desired outcome, if more attention is paid to the operating metrics then financial outputs wouldn’t be a big issue for the organization. Examples of these operating metrics include customer satisfaction, customer repetition, customer referral rate, quality of product etc. This is the aspect of metrics this report will focus on (Tax, 2009). 2. 1 . New Proposed Strategy for H. Logan More friendly environmental products(CEO-friendly products) Exploitation of the ‘Affluent Achievers’ market Investment in research and development team Extension/Reduction in product line Adequate HER staff to deal with staff issues/concerns especially the issue between the Indian office and the WHQL Set clear goals and objectives Encourage customer and staff feedback Possible reduction in staff from both branches(the I-J and India) and training the Taft removed from the office to become call centre staff where they can deal with customer enquiries, queries, complaints and orders (e-commerce) Provision of services, e. . Offering delivery and installation services etc. Website, proper marketing strategy Introduction of new IT software (SAP software) 2. 2. Potential New Metrics for H. Logan Metrics are used for a variety of reasons. Metrics such as market share, sales increases, margins, and customer satisfaction surveys enable firms to take stock of where they are n ow and where they want to be in the future (Houses Katz, 1998). Hauser and Katz, 1998 suggest that every metric will affect actions and decisions whether used mainly to influence behavior, to evaluate future strategies, or to take stock. An ideal metrics system should be tied to overall profit, apply to all employees and be designed to encourage extra effort, however if stretched to the limit can result in counter-productive actions. Relating these metrics back to H. Logan, below is an ideal list of what metrics should be measured in their company. Measurement of how their products and services are perceived in the market- this an be done by market research to determine if people view their products as high end luxury or affordable but quality products etc. Measure how much these ‘affluent achievers’ are willing to spend on lighting and how often they purchase household goods. Organization views it as well. Find out what the customers want- by measuring how often they repeat orders, refer the organization’s products to their friends and family, or how often they cancel orders, and how many customers never return to H. Logan to buy goods. The Voice of the Employee- this can be measured by finding out what the employees ant, what they value. This can lead to enabling employees make decisions and take actions that they know are going to be necessary to achieve their metrics-based goals. A balanced score card system will be implemented in the next part to get fair balance of the new metrics to be measured. 2. 3. Balanced Scorecard A balanced scorecard is a strategic management system used to align business activities to the vision and strategy of the organization, improve internal and external communications, and monitor organization performance against strategic goals (Kaplan Norton, 2007). The balanced scorecard is a management system that enables organizations to clarify their vision and strategy and translate them into action. It provides feedback around both the internal business processes and external outcomes in order to continuously improve strategic performance and results. When fully deployed, the balanced scorecard transforms strategic planning from an academic exercise into the nerve centre of an enterprise. The balanced scorecard suggests that we view the organization from four perspectives, and to develop metrics, collect data and analyze it relative to each of these perspectives which include: The learning and growth perspective- This entails employee training and corporate cultural attitudes related to both individual and corporate self- improvement. It is the most essential foundation for the success of any organization. The business process perspective- this allows the managers to know how well their business is performing and if it matches their customer requirements. This system should be implemented by those who know the system inside and out. The customer perspective-customer focus and perspective is important in any organization and most organizations are beginning to realize the importance of their customers. If customers aren’t satisfied, it is likely that they will find those suppliers/ organizations that satisfy them. So measuring what customers want and like the type of customers they are and the processes that need to be followed is essential. The financial perspective- this is the traditional way of measuring metrics but still useful in measuring the additional financial-related data, such as risk assessment The learning and Growth perspective The business process Perspective The customer The financial goals. Measurement of how much the ‘affluent achievers’ are willing to spend on lighting ND how often they purchase household goods. Measurement of how their products and services are perceived in the market place by carrying out a market research to determine if people view their products as high-end luxury or affordable but quality products etc. Do the consumers view the products ‘attributes as the same attributes the organization views it as well. Find out what the customers want by measuring how often they repeat orders, refer the organization’s products to their friends and family, or how often they cancel orders, and how many customers never return to H. A. Loge’s to buy goods. How much is available to spend on the new strategy and development. If there isn’t adequate funding, how will the organization source for funds. How much profitability lies in the development of the new developments/ strategy/plan. Measurement of how much the new systems will cost and how to priorities the funding of the new system. Measurement of the cost of training staff, R costs and risk assessment. Measurement of the cost of marketing and developing new website. . Portfolio of Systems 3. 1 . Portfolio Enterprise Resource Planning can be crucial to a business, especially one as out- dated as this. As in any other business, processes essential to its success include inventory and order management, accounting, human resources and customer relationship management. At its most basic level ERP Software ‘integrates these various functions into one complete system to streamline the process and information across the entire organization’ (Devonshire, 2014). First and foremost the company needs to invest in the current website as it is over 10 years old. In today’s technological age, online content is more vital than ever so as not to fall behind. The Internet is the way most potential customers will search for H. A Logon sons and if market emphasizes their greater need to invest in this part of the business. Loge’s finds itself under intensive pressure from new competition abroad, so they must have some sort of product differentiation to really show prospective customers what they are all about. They should also look to add a separate section to the website specifically for the home solutions potential market. They are what kept the business going when their competitors disappeared and it fits in very well with the strategy to exploit the ‘Affluent Achievers’ market. This is a new market opportunity and one that must be seized so H. A Logon sons can progress to the next level. Due to the cost and long-term maintenance of the website, it would be appropriate to outsource the website production and maintenance too professional company. The company will also need to invest in new IT systems because what exists has been running for over 35 years and has become increasingly unstable. It is important to realize that ‘an ERP system that is not the right fit tends to weigh down the entire organization’ (lyre, 2012), this is why we have taken special care in narrowing down possible systems the company could use such as Oracle, Sage and SAP. Oracle represents more of an integrated system, while Sage pride themselves on the ease of use but the most suitable system for H. A Logon Sons is the ‘SAP business objects solutions’ system. This we believe brings a far more holistic process to the table and helps solve some of the problems they have now and reduce the overall cost that comes with implementation. SAGE and Oracle might be better at certain aspects but the SAP system is more consistent across the board as the feature analysis (table 1 below) depicts. ‘The evaluation of the ERP process must consider usability as a critical success factor’ (lyre, 2012) and this is what the SAP system ensures. It provides an intuitive means to unify the information that business users need for their daily activities. It eliminates the need to access multiple applications, providing relevant information form a central location’. This as we can see will already eliminate the problem the company has had over the years where they have to input the same data several times because some systems aren’t integrated. It comes with ‘Large Scale information distribution’, which is very useful as the company has bases in both England and India. This helps because the platform supports distribution of content o up to 1 million recipients and allows the workers have all they need available to them. The most important integration this system brings is helping the company make decisions based on the whole picture. As mentioned earlier, ERP integrates many aspects such as HER, operations etc. The problem with this is that we tend to gain individual views based on these aspects but the SAP system gives a ‘unified view of the businesses and enables its users to gain fresh new perspectives. Using the Package approach is beneficial as it’s cheaper and can be tailored to the needs of the company. 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Designing and Implementing Paperless †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Designing and Implementing Paperless. Answer: Introduction: The process of learning has become one of the most joyful and worthwhile experience. The learning programs and the information mastery has been useful in my learning life and will be of great help in my career life and my life generally. This reflective journal focuses on the learning experience to assess what we have learned from the challenges faced in efforts to overcome business challenges. The learning process is featured concerning what worked well or what did not work well as a learner. Some of the learning aspects were so welcomed in my learning experience while others still need to be rectified for better achievement of results. In the field of commerce that is closely related to the business world, I have been able to interact, learn, and gain new experiences on how to handle business challenges. My desire to become a successful business person, driven by the virtue of entrepreneurship has kept me moving and always focussed to learning new experiences on how to venture in n ew innovative businesses. This article explains the importance of the learning experiences I have gained while in the coursework and interactions from the successful business people in the business world. The current advancement in technology has necessitated numerous alterations in the learning process which requires one to be on the know-how of the computer so as to develop the necessary learning skills. This is made possible by having the required tools such as the tablets and the laptops which help in keeping one updated and enhances the learning process (Hesser Schwartz, 2013). By the end of the learning process, I was able to concentrate on a certain subject for quite long hours than before with a focused mind to understand the content unlike before whereby I could not withstand staring at a book or reading material for more than an hour. I realized the importance of the learning gadgets which include the laptops and that they are not only meant for entertainment but for enhancing the learning process. A good learning experience, especially in this dynamic world of technology, can be a great and wonderful experience since it can create engaging, relevant, and notable educational experiences which address certain challenges faced by the learners. The learning experience is beneficial especially to people who would want to get involved in business transactions since the trend is ever-changing and this helps one to become accustomed to the business world dynamics without a struggle (Kao et al, 2014). The learning experience also helps one to widen their minds in terms of business dealings hence able to identify the emerging opportunities to venture into. Thus, the learning experience should be improved and make it more effective. The learning experience has great value in a persons life generally. Firstly, it ensures that one is fully-equipped with the current trends in the world. One cannot engage in a business that they are not aware of the dynamics involved in the kind of business they would want to venture into (Johnson et al, 2012). Again, the learning experience enables one to evaluate the kinds of businesses that are easy to carry out and the requirements needed thereof. One is able to assess the type of risks each business is prone to and the amount of capital required to start a certain business. The learning experience exposes one to many kinds of people such that it becomes easy to transact a business with all types of people with different backgrounds. The learning experience enables one to choose a course wisely based on their talents and areas of interest. As one develops a learning experience, he or she is able to identify the kind of course which they can fit better and put their whole efforts towards improving on those areas and leave alone those that they are not talented in (Ellaway et al, 2014). The relevance of the course is determined by the learning experience in such a course. This will help one to choose a course which they feel will benefit them the most and which their passion is directed to and this guarantees good performance in such a course. It helps one to prioritize their time and activities wisely. The setting of priorities are important aspects of learning which enables one to attend first to the important things and give significant attention to them to avoid unnecessary mistakes. The proper scheduling of events with their appropriate time is significant towards the success of all my ambitions to become a successful business person and a decision maker in matters that require prompt action. Working without any set or established priorities leads to the creation of conflicts and the establishment of petty mistakes that leads to business failure. My ability to make the right priorities and assign the correct time would help me become the best decision maker in my commerce profession. The learning experience is a good determinant of the kind of career one is likely to engage in future. Through learning, one is able to discover their talents and abilities to perform in a certain area and this guides the type of career to choose. The areas of interests are vital since one realizes that there are some areas which they can perform better than others (Shek et al, 2015). This helps to eliminate those that are difficult to understand or are of less interest. It also helps to identify the areas which may need to be improved in future. During the learning process, I was exposed to various lifestyles, languages, and cultures which played as an adventure kind of life. Thus, transacting business with various people and business environment was somehow enhanced. Having a wide range of knowledge and information is useful in the organization as the ability to solve critical issues is advanced. During the learning process, I interacted with many people from different backgrounds and this will help me to adapt to new challenges and environments. I read about how to set both short and long-term goals and the merits of each. I heard of the various business expositions and seminars and the advantages of attending them. My objective of learning commerce principles is assisting me realise and exploit my full potential of the dream to become a successful business manager. Evaluate what you learn Venturing into a business is a wise idea and a good way to build ones career. However, it requires one to first have the idea and be focused on evaluating the potential risks and benefits of running a certain business. It is also important to scrutinize the market structure and understand the potential competitors. My learning experiences can be viewed as a success, and not a failure. This is because I have been properly equipped with the right skills to scrutinize the underlying challenges that face a company and come up with amicable solutions regarding the problems. Doing a research on the market structure was a critical assignment since it is the determinant of any business success. Identifying the best business types and how they are run and the possible outcomes of the business was an important activity so as to assess whether to venture into such a business or not. Therefore, doing the activities in task one and two was designed to equip me with the right skills to solve business challenges, understand business trends and needs, and understand which business venture is right to invest by a business person. Explain Plan how this learning you will apply The learning will be useful in my career life. Having interacted with various people and cultures, I will be able to transact business without fear as it will be easy to analyse the business situations. I will also be able to consult business experts in any particular area of interest to expand my business ideas. Generally, the learning experience has enlarged my mind hence built both my personal and career life. Learning helps people both professionally in in their personal lives. I would apply my learning experiences in the creation and innovation of new business ideas that would thrive in the economy. Further, I would apply my learning experiences of conflict resolution approaches in the resolving of wrangles among any conflicting parties in the work place. Looking forward to become a family person, understanding the importance of tolerance and the facts that people show differences in their approaches to different matters, I would be tolerant and always understanding so as to bri ng peace in the family. Furthermore, learning the principles of conducting business and ensuring that it thrives would be helpful to me when applying such principles into practice. This practice would involve the laying down policies that protect the rights of everyone in the industry as well as ensuring that all the identified opportunities in the minimum risks and costs as possible. References Ellaway, R. H., Fink, P., Graves, L., Campbell, A. (2014). Left to their own devices: medical learners use of mobile technologies.Medical teacher,36(2), 130-138. Press. Hesser, T. L., Schwartz, P. M. (2013). iPads in the science laboratory: Experience in designing and implementing a paperless chemistry laboratory course.Journal of STEM Education: Innovations and Research,14(2), 5. Press. Johnson, L., Adams, S., Cummins, M. (2012).Technology Outlook for Australian Tertiary Education 2012-2017: An NMC Horizon Report Regional Analysis. New Media Consortium. 6101 West Courtyard Drive Building One Suite 100, Austin, TX 78730. journal of nursing education scholarship,11(1), 75-82. Press. Kao, A. B., Miller, N., Torney, C., Hartnett, A., Couzin, I. D. (2014). Collective learning learning arena for developing shared work practices. InAgency at Work(pp. 351-371). Press. Khan, A. I., Al-Shihi, H., Al-Khanjari, Z. A., Sarrab, M. (2015). Mobile Learning (M- Learning) adoption in the Middle East: Lessons learned from the educationally advanced countries.Telematics and Informatics,32(4), 909-920. Lamont, A. (2012). Emotion, engagement and meaning in strong experiences of music performance.Psychology of Music,40(5), 574-594. Najjar, R. H., Lyman, B., Miehl, N. (2015). Nursing students experiences with high-fidelity nursing students.International Journal of Nursing Education Scholarship,10(1), 255- Page, T. (2014). Application-based mobile devices in design education.International Journal of Mobile Learning and Organisation,8(2), 96-111. Press. Sharma, V., van de Graaff, S., Loechel, B., Franks, D. (2012). Extractive resource development in a changing climate: Learning the lessons from extreme weather events in Queensland, Australia. Press. Shek, D. T., Yu, L., Wu, F. K., Ng, C. S. (2015). General education program in a new 4- simulation.International Journal of Nursing Education Scholarship,12(1), 27-35. Press. Wanner, T., Palmer, E. (2015). Personalising learning: Exploring student and teacher perceptions about flexible learning and assessment in a flipped university course.Computers Education,88, 354-369. Press.

Leadership and motivation theories, principles and issues

buy custom A People’s History of the United States essay

buy custom A People’s History of the United States essay Question 1 I am an English Immigrant who came to Virginia as an indenture servant in 1649 at the age of 18. After our entire estate was seized by the Parliamentarian forces during the English Civil war, my father was forced to send me to this place for five years. My master is harsh and strict when it comes to work. He forces me and my fellow servants to work from dawn to dark without any food in our stomachs. My daily chores include; house service, gardening and milking, shearing sheep, building burns, taking care of children and occasionally helping out fellow servants in the fields. Anytime I make a petty mistake, my master always whips me severely. Life in this farm is miserable, because I do not have any cloth to put on my frail body, no food to put on my empty stomach and no place to rest my tired body at the end of the day. In my contract, it was stipulated that my master should help me get some education, education; award me with several animals and a piece of land after servitude. Therefore, I am assured of a bright future after serving my master for these five years. I will use this freedom package to better my life. For instant, I will cultivate my land and sale the proceeds to other residents. After establishing myself, I will marry the woman of my dreams and have a happy family of my own. My major future prospect is to become a successive land owner just like my hero Anthony Johnson. Question 2 European men signed indentures for different reasons. During the seventeenth century, Europe was full of poor men and women. Most of them were landless farmers and tenants, who had been driven away from their lands due to the introduction of sheep grazing, changes in agriculture, the English civil war. Others signed these indentures because their masters in England had no more use for people who used to labor on the transformed fields (Galenson, 2004). Add to this, freed prisoners as well soldiers who had been released from the navy or army were penniless. Some courts would ask criminals to choose between being executed and being deported to the colonies, and most of them woud choose the later. By signing an indenture, a poor European man or woman would be given a chance to immigrate to the New World of Honey and Milk. This was a big hurdle for these young men and women because crossing the Atlantic was not cheap. These men and women also signed the indenture because they were assured of a better life because of the awaiting jobs, food and shelter. The above discourse reveals that those who signed indentures did it willfully. Nevertheless, some historical forces also compelled these young men and women to sign indentures. For example, overpopulation and poverty compelled people to sign indentures. It is asserted that some colonies allowed Europe to offset their overpopulated towns and cities. Question 3 After many years of an iron-fist control of the colonies by Native Americans, the up-rise of poor whites, former indentured servants and slaves posed a major threat to the elites control. Led by 29 year-old Nathaniel Bacon, lower class citizens in Virginia rebelled against the elites control of Jamestown. This led to a conflict between the Indians and the poor whites and blacks (Zinn, 2010). The poor whites and poor blacks wanted to eliminate all elites, who comprised of Indians and supported by Governor William Berkeley. Bacon encouraged the poor to defend and take what was rightfully theirs (Public Broadcasting Service, nda, par, 1). The elites were opposed to the Governors policies that favored the elites at the expense of the poor. The non-land owners and Yeoman farmers were infuriated with the Indians because they stood in the way of their expansion. After capturing and killing several captives (enemies), the elites realized that their control was coming to an end. This rebellion exhibited that poor blacks and poor whites could come together and fight for a common cause. This elicited great fear among the elites because they realized that nothing could hinder the poor from coming together to fight them. As a result, this fear led to the adoption of racial slavery in the following years. To prevent such incidents from occurring in the future, the wealthy and thhe rich compelled the legislature to pass laws that would punish rebellious servants (Zinn, 2010). Question 4 The institution of African slavery in colonial America was characterized with the ownership of humans as pieces of movable property or chattels. As chattels, black slaves were compelled to slavery for life. One pragmatic reason as to why black slaves were treated as chattels is because of their skin color. Naturally, the whites considered Africans as being inferior in every aspect of life. Therefore, they had to show this in actions by treating them as property. Another pragmatic reason as to why slaves were being treated as property is because of the fact that the whites used money to acquire them. Pragmatically, anything bought is rightfully yours, therefore, one has a right of doing anything he or she wishes to that thing. Question 5 The Stono Rebellion, which started on 9 September 1739, is arguably the biggest slave uprising in colonial America. Although the real cause of this rebellion is not clear, historians attribute it to the tension between Spain and England (Davis, par, 1). As a result of the animosity between the two colonial powers, the Spanish government in Florida proclaimed that all slaves who found their way to St. Augustine would be given freedom and land. The though of being free and given land led many slaves in a killing spree that lasted for almost two days. Another issue that might have triggered this rebellion was the looming Security Act (Public Broadcasting Service, ndb, par 2). This Act allowed all white men to carry guns on Sunday while going to church in reaction to an impending insurrection. This act did not augur well with the blacks, thus a rebellion culminated. At the end of the rebellion, the Negro Act was quickly finalized and enacted. This act compelled the slaves to face the consequences of the revolt. The main aim of this act was to limit the privileges of the slaves. From that time on, slaves were not allowed to assemble in small groups, cultivate their own food, and learn to read, or even earn their own money. Buy custom A People’s History of the United States essay

Overall, the spread of the internet has actually had a negative effect Essay

Overall, the spread of the internet has actually had a negative effect on non-western societies. Using existing literature - Essay Example The answer is yes, though the internet has immensely influenced the development of these countries, the politics and cultures of these countries have also been negatively impacted as a result (Anne, 2009). In terms of the culture of these non western countries, the introduction of the internet can be said to have done more bad than good to their existence as a result of the alterations that have occurred as a result. Whereas in the past the culture of these countries were held in great esteem by the youth as a result of the teachings that were passed on from the older generations, they are now viewed as backward and non significant by many of the youth whose main information is retrieved from the internet (Clay, 2008). This can be said to be mainly because of the availability of the internet which has introduced the younger generation to different, and in their view, more attractive modern cultures mainly practiced in the westernized countries that has led them to abandon the teachin gs of their own cultures for these foreign practices (Harris, 2008). A good example of such change is the treatment and views of parents by the youth in these non western countries. Whereas in the past a child dare not disobey their parents wishes, the introduction of the internet has revealed countries such as America where an individual is capable of suing their parents in court and do not hold them in such esteem. This has led to the degeneration of the level of respect that was once accorded to these parents as a result as the youth ask themselves that if the American’s are doing it why shouldn’t they? Thus, it can be said that the introduction of the internet has led to the slow disappearance of a country’s culture as he youth give them up for more modern views on life and society (Yochai, 2006). The introduction of the internet has also affected the culture of non western countries cultures in terms of moral values that had previously played a large role i n the society of these nations (Steven, 2005). The number of moral beliefs that were previously upheld by then youth has decreased drastically as a result of the internet as well. The World Wide Web has opened up the gates of information and practices that were previously considered taboo are now accepted the younger generations in these non western countries as a result (Anne, 2009). This can be said to be due to the discovery that though such acts were forbidden in their countries they are widely accepted in the western lands and thus as a result, they become accepted as well as the youth strive to emulate the western lives that they see via the web. An example of such moral beliefs is the cohabitation of different genders (That is boyfriends and girlfriends) before marriage. Whereas in the past it was unacceptable for a boy and a girl to live together unless they related or married it is now a widely accepted role in many non western countries, something that was not the case bef ore the introduction of the internet (Sherry, 2011). Sex before marriage is also another subject that was unthinkable before the intro

CONCLUSION - A Short Summary in Terms of the Foundations of the Essay

CONCLUSION - A Short Summary in Terms of the Foundations of the Ordained Ministry Based on the Overview I Have Written - Essay Example In addition, he solemnly affirms that preaching Christ at any cost is the duty of the minister and the servant. When one reads the initial chapters of the epistle to Philippians we find the apostle rejoicing that Christ is being preached even though out of jealousy and competition. That the ministerial ordination does not stop with just Paul himself is evident in the passages where the Apostle asks Timothy to rekindle the Holy Spirit, which has been received through the laying of hands by the Apostle himself, in his epistle to the ardent disciple. (2 Tim: 1/6) This laying of hands is a charism through which God communicates. This charism is found ‘in’ them whom the hands were laid. So in the epistles, the laying of hands brings about the induction into the office of the ministry. We find a close link between the transmission of the right doctrine and the laying of hands. We find the first seven deacons being inducted by the twelve into the ministry by laying of hands. Thus we find the transmission of ordained ministry as well as its institution (Part 3). Now we come to the ultimate question of the aim of this ministry according to Paul, which has also been dealt with in his letters. Paul says that as an Apostle he has been selected by the Lord with the â€Å"ministry of the uncircumcised† as Peter had been entrusted with the â€Å"ministry of the circumcised†. Even at the council of the apostles, Paul argues that the message of Christ is universal, for the righteousness of the faith imparted by Christ (Gal: 2/1-10). He did not desist until John, Cephas and James extended him that â€Å"right hand of fellowship† (Part4). The minister is always doing the work of reconciliation. (2 Cor: 5/18). Therefore, every minister is called to this ministry. The â€Å"steward of the mysteries of Christ† (1 Cor: 4/1), Paul knows that he is invested with the authority of God (2 Cor: 13/10) to build up the Church. How faith is handed down and

The American Revolution Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

The American Revolution - Essay Example The biography of George Washington was originally written by Mason Locke Weems who maintained a subjective approach in evaluating the facts and presented Washington as a folk hero. Although they had lived through the revolution, yet many of the early historians did not have objective grounds for their claims. A new generation of historians surfaced with the start of the 19th century. Today, whatever we know about the American Revolution is primarily an outcome of their compilation of the war events. Historians of the 19th century mutually held a consensus that the American Revolution was morally justified. They were of the view that American victory opened the gate to freedom. The determinists of the early 20th century presented the second school of thought regarding the American Revolution. They thought that the revolution revolved around the conflict of class. The economic motivations were hard to be justified with the widespread rhetoric about equality and republicanism. The determinists analyzed the revolution as more than just an endeavor to gain independence. They thought of it as a means to strengthen a ruling elite American class. The determinists base their assertions on the fact that a vast majority of the people who had signed the Declaration of Independence were rich and took the revolution as a means to strengthen their power. The third school of thought regarding the American Revolution surfaced after the Second World War. Neo-Whigs were the owners of this school of thought.

Terrorism: Causes, Effects and Prevention Strategies

Terrorism: Causes, Effects and Prevention Strategies In the last quarter of the century, there is a dramatic change in most of the terrorist activities, as they are well-planned, with a purpose to accomplish a precise identifiable and seemingly attainable political goal. In the past, most of the terrorist activities involved incidents like high-jacking an aircraft or the taking of a hostage following which certain demands were made. Their aim was usually to release their friends, or group leaders from prisons. Terrorism in the last few decades has taken a more violent and destructive turn, and quite often the demands are not made. Terrorism today is an act which is sudden, unprovoked, sheer brutal attack on innocent civilians killing several people in a crowded market or a gathering. Most of there terrorist attacks have had a political objective, which have now become rather diffused since the 9/11 attack. It now seems that the idea is to create fear and panic, and primarily to get publicity through the television news and print media According to several orthodox cultures, the terrorists resorted to this particular type of extremism as the only way for accomplishing political change. Also it appears to be interconnected to globalization and the increased impact of the United States and other Western countries. This has added to the resentments of the people of that part of the world. Thus it is the larger developments, changes in the international political structure, and expansion of globalization throughout the world that explains this trend in terrorism. The sixty years of suffering of the Palestinians and their unsuccessful efforts to get an independent state is one of the major reasons for the unrest in the Muslim World. The recent siege (412 Palestinian children perished between the 27th of December 2008 and the 18th of January 2009 as a result of the bombings and atrocities carried out by the Israeli Occupying Forces The end year of 2009 inevitably This markeds the First Year Memorial of Operation Cast Lead, when almost 1,400 Palestinians, mostly civilians were killed during the course of a brutal military operation carried out by Israeli authorities. Thousands more were wounded or displaced. 412 Palestinian children perished between the 27th of December 2008 and the 18th of January 2009. These children were killed as a result of the bombings and atrocities carried out by the Israeli Occupying Forces) affected the Palestinian social fabric completely. As the trauma grows with every violent incursion into Palestinian communities; hatred and tendency of revenge also increases among them. During the Gulf War, and more recently in Afghanistan, the terrorist groups often resort to psychological warfare because its the only tactic they have available to them. They dont have M-16s, and we have M-16s. They dont have the mighty military power that we have, and they only have access to things like kidnapping, says Haroun, a clinical professor of psychiatry at the University of California, San Diego. (cited in Warner, 2005).1 In reality these terrorist attacks does not harm the enemy physically very much, as few people could be killed in an attack. But the repercussions are tremendous from the psychological point of view. Ordinary people viewing the terrorist attack in person or watching it on television, gets anxious, terrified, and often develop a sense of foreboding fear, which in turn may lead to demoralization in the entire society. Psychological Terror Whatever is their modus operandi, terrorists share very similar aims. Alexander and Klein (2006)[1] concisely identified the aims of terrorism as follows: To create pervasive fear, anxiety and panic To generate a collective and individual sense of helplessness, vulnerability and hopelessness To demonstratereveal the incompetenceineffectiveness and/or inabilityincapability of the authorities to provide security and protectionsafety against such opponents And provoke the establishment into errors or over-reactions which will disaffect the general public or specific influential bodies. The last point is essentially vital as observed by the widespread concerns as for example the shooting of an innocent man by the Metropolitan Police in London sometime ago (as a result of consequent to the wrong information that he was a suicide bomber); the incarceration of terrorist suspects in high security prisons of Guantanamo Bay and Belmarsh; and the introduction of repressive legislation. Moreno (2003)[2] has persuasively proven how easy it is in a democratic society to subordinate hard-earned civil liberties to the need to introduce counter-terrorist legislation. The terrorist attacks provide harsh reminders that in todays world, one does not know what news may come next on television or other news media. Particularly disturbing television images of horrific incidents can trigger the innate startle response no matter how close or far away from home the event happened. Historically, every military clash has led to psychological warfare in some form in one way or another as th e enemy aims to break the morale of their opponent. Due to progress in technology; the popularity of the internet; and increase of news coverage, the rules of engagement in this type of psychological battle have changed. Whether it is a substantial attack or a single dreadful act, the effects of psychological warfare are not restricted to the physical damage it produces. Instead, the intent of these attacks is to instillinstil a sense of fear that is much greater than the actual threat itself. According to Professor Richard Bulliet of Columbia University: There are various ways to have your impact. You can have your impact by the magnitude of what you do, by the symbolic character of target, or the horrific quality of what you do to a single person. Interestingly the way media covers the event in fact determines the effect on the people. For instance, according to Bulliet, the Iranian hostage predicament, in 1979, which though lasted for 444 days, was infact actually one of the most harmless of (word harmless) criticalthings events that occurredhappened in the Middle East in the last 25 years. All the U.S. hostages were released ultimately unscathed., butHowever this hostage event remains a psychological scarblemish for manyseveral Americans who watched powerlessly, each evenings newscast, they counted days the hostages were being held in custody. The terrorists often take advantage of images of a group of masked individuals coercing and intimidating exerting total power over their captives to sendconvey the message that the act is a collective demonstrationdisplay of the groups power rather than an individual criminal act. You dont have the notion that a certain person has taken a hostage. Its an image of group power, and the force becomes generalized rather than personalized. The randomness and the ubiquity of the threat give the impression of vastly greater capacities. (cited in Warner, 2005).[3] Remote Repercussions of Terrorist Attacks When a horrific event occurs, it is natural to feel disturbed, even if the act occurred thousands of miles away. The human reaction is to put oneself in the situation because as normal human beings, people have the capacity to empathize. And consequently these people may develop similar psychological symptoms. Witnessing an act of psychological terror can also disrupt our belief system, says Charles Figley, PhD, director of the Florida State University Traumatology Institute. (cited in Warner, 2005).[4] We walk around, psychologically, in a bubble, and that bubble represents our belief system and values. Most often we assume incorrectly that other people have the same values and social niceties as we do. When that is violated or challenged, the first response is usually an effort to protect our beliefs and, in other words, to deny that it actually happened. When A s soon as confronted with proof of terror, such as pictures of atrocities, Figley says there are a few different waysdifferent ways in which people typically react: They perceive perpetrators to be inhumane. Become fearful as they perceive they are living in a callous and unsafe world because the graph bar of inhumanityhumanity has been lowered even further. Believe that its only a fleeting incident which could be easily explained away or deconstructed by precise things that have taken place, such as if we hadnt done this, then that would not have happened. Its uncomfortable believing that the world is less safe, so we have to imagine or construct a scenario that will allow us to feel more safe again and resist change, says Figley. There is an interesting and strange symbiotic relationship between terrorism and the media. Bruce Hoffman, the director of the Centre for the Study of Terrorism and Political Violence, in his book Inside Terrorism has written a clear summary of some of the major historical trends in international terrorism. He makes careful distinctions between the motivations that drive political (or ethno-nationalist) terrorism and religious terrorism, and he explains also shows why the rise of religious terrorism, coupled with the increased availability of weapons of mass destruction, may foretellpredict an eraepoch of even greater violence. In the past, Hoffman argues, the main goal of the terrorist was not to kill and destroy, but to attract media attention to his cause in the hope of initiating reform. For the religious terrorist, however, violence is first and foremost a sacred act or divine duty executed in direct response to some theological demand or imperative religious terrorists see themselves not as components of a system worth preserving but as outsiders, seeking fundamental changes in the existing order. (Hoffman, 2006).[5] In this context Hoffman does not choose sides, he refers to in this framework, pointing to the bombings of the World Trade Center ,and Oklahoma City and the Tokyo,to the Sarin nerve gas attacks, in Tokyo in order to demonstrate that radicalsfundamentalists of any religious denomination are capable of extreme acts of terrorism. Terrorism is an aggressive-hostile action which is mainly intended to harm and terrify civilians, in order to promote a particular aim, or with an the idea, which may be social political or other. The terrorist attacks, are now gaining major importance than wars in the news headlines worldwide Terrorism and its Effects on Mental Health Whether its a massive attack or a single dreadfulhorrific act, the effects of psychological warfare are not restrictedlimited to the physical damage inflicted. Infact the primary objectivestead, the goal of these attacks is to inculcate a sense of fear whichthat is much greater than the actual threat itself. Therefore, the impact of psychological terror depends largely on how the acts are revealedpublicized and interpreted. Typical reactions to major trauma on the individuals and communities are well-documented but the literature on the individual reactions to terrorist incidents is scarce. Most of the reactions at the initial phase following trauma are normal reactions and only few individuals display florid psychopathology. (Alexander and Klein, 2006).[6] Normal individual reactions to a terrorist attack are: Emotional Reactions : shock, numbness, denial , fear, anxiety , helplessness, hopelessness. Cognitive dysfunctions as disorientation, confusion ,intrusive thoughts, images, memories ,hypervigilance (i.e. increased sense of risk),impaired concentration and memory. Changes in social interaction, like withdrawal ,irritability ,loss of trust and faith , avoidant behaviour (i.e. of any reminders of the event). Physical reactions as autonomic hyperarousal , ,loss of energy. insomnia Autonomic hyper-arousal, insomnia, loss of energy. Emotional shock, numbness, denial, fear, anxiety helplessness, hopelessness. Cognitive disorientation, confusion, intrusive thoughts, images, memories.Hyper-vigilance, impaired concentration and memory. Social withdrawal, irritability, loss of trust and faith, avoidant behaviour (i.e. of any reminders of the event). These normal reactions comprise most of the core symptoms of PTSD, i.e. intrusive experiences, hyper-arousal and avoidant behaviour, as defined in the ICD-10 Classification of Mental and Behavioural Disorders (ICD-10; WHO, 1992).[7] For a formal diagnosis of PTSD, such symptoms must be experienced for at least a few weeks. (The fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders [DSM-IV] also necessitatesrequires that such symptoms mustto be present for one month. (American Psychiatric Association, 1994).[8] In addition the impact on individuals, terrorism has mass psychogenic impacts. Mass psychogenic illness has been defined as: The rapid spread of illness signs and symptoms affecting members of a cohesive group, originating from a nervous system disturbance involving excitation, loss or alteration of function whereby physical complaints that are exhibited unconsciously have no corresponding organic aetiology. (Bartholomew Wessely, 2002). [9] As regards community reactions, they may present with distinct features. Tyhurst provides a three phase model of community response. (Tyhurst, 1951).[10] In Phase I, most individuals are liable to be stunned, numbed or even in denial. Denial was the commonly reported reaction among the office staff of Capital Hill, Washington DC following the anthrax scare in 2001. It took some time for the affectees to realize they might have been exposed to a toxic substance. North et al., 2005).[11] Widespread panic is not a typical reaction (though widely depicted in disaster films, etc.). Approximately 10 per cent of victims are likely to panic, and this reaction is most likely when victims believe they are trapped and feel helpless. Durodie Wessely, 2002).[12] In the 1987 Kings Cross underground fire most passengers did not panic; on the contrary, they sought out the usual methods of entry and exit. (Donald Canter, 1992).[13] Similar personal reactions were observedgiven after the London terrorist incidents of July 2005. Hence the civil contingency planning clearly should not be based on ill-informed assumptions about human behaviour. Even in extreme situations human behaviour can be rational, altruistic, and even heroic. In Phase II which is the Recoil Phase, individuals seek to make sense of what has happened. They seek reunion with their common sources of support, e.g. families, friends and colleagues. Even makeshift groups may develop as individuals seek understanding and mutual support. During this period, the community develops a sense of order and control, and the concerned relief authorities can do a lot much to facilitate this step towards recovery.. Phase III, the Recovery Phase is characterized by alternating episodes of adjustment and relapse and there may be some obvious examples of resilience and positive outcomes. Further comprehensive research studies must be A lot of research still needs to be done in order to understand how communities cope with chronic exposure to threat and adversity, but Jones and his colleagues have reassessed the social effects of air raids in Great Britain during the Second World War. They indicate a high level of civilian resilience developed during that period. (Jones et al., 2004).[14] Similarly, law enforcement authorities have commented on the apparently low level of violence-related psychopathology reported in Northern Ireland during the Troubles. Clinical data is still not enough to identify It is unclear, as to what are the protective factors in these circumstances. Extensive denial, social cohesiveness, a united front against a common enemy or some other as yet undetermined influences could be termed as protective factors. Mental Health Studies Mental health research studies are conducted worldwide to explore the effects of terrorism both on the individuals and the community. Whereas some emphasize the psycho-pathological effects of terror (Galea, Ahern, Resnick et al., 2002),[15] others focus on the human suffering, which is not identical to psychiatric morbidity (Wessely 2003),[16] and on community and cultural factors that enable people to endure the stressful event (Hobfoll, 2003).[17] This conflict between two distinct approaches (Wessely, 2003) ishas yet to be bridged. Any horrific event can affect people directly or indirectly even if they are not the targets. Hence the target of the interventions is not the individual victim only, but all the people more indirectly affected by the incidence. An impartial approach may be suitable. The World Health Organization (WHO) has issued guidelines for action during emergencies which seem to support such a stand (WHO, 2003).[18] Experiencing or witnessing a violent attack does not necessarily mean that the individual will inevitably develop psychiatric morbidity (Curran, and Miller, 2001).[19] After the September 11, 2001 attacks in New York City, it was observed that: In the aftermath of terrorist attacks, many Americans regarded their distress as a normal reaction rather than a disorder needing [psychiatric] care. (Drus and Marcus, 2004).[20] Presently available data suggest that it takes more than the agent (e.g., threat to life) to lead to psychopathology. Indeed, the role of the environment is of significance, as a part of the epidemiological triangle that has been discarded by a greater focus on host-related factors (e.g., gender or age of the victim). ) A study on adults have recognized a group of factors, including religious beliefs, ideological commitment and social capital, that have protected communities which were highly exposed to terrorist attacks (like the loss of dear ones, physical injuries and property damage etc). Ideology and religion may be used as a healing power, but also as a weapon. This is especially true in the [Middle East] region. (Solomon, and Laufer (2005);[21] Shalev et al.; Shalev,[22] Tuval-Mashiach Hadar, 2004; Kaplan et al.; Kaplan,[23] Matar, Kamin, et al., 2005; Billig, Kohn, and Levav, 2004).[24] All the research data today gives hope that, by advancing research on the mental health effects of war-related activities will be conducive to the development of new techniques to counter the psycho-social aftermath of wars and other such traumatic events., Ppsychiatrists worldwide are joining the call by WHO member states to devise means to restore the psycho-pathological damage sustained by victimized populations. The World Psychiatric Association (WPA) has been active in the recent Gaza Massacre,by giving an official statement. (See Mario Maj. statement in Chapter 1V -Wars in the Muslim World1).[25] Nonetheless On the other hand, psychiatrists could play other roles even at the risk of raising idealistic initiatives which cynics might like to dismiss. There are several possibilities open for psychiatrists who, by the nature of their profession can, besides promoting health, support peace rather than war. Psychiatrists and other mental health professionals from countries in conflict could engage in alliance in a number of activities (e.g., teaching, exchange of experiences in program development and services, communication), while they are actively, tenaciously and continuously supported by WPA. Most importantly, psychiatrists must endeavour to make their societies even more ardently aware that in armed confrontations no one is a winner but that everyone is a victim. The model of collaboration in the Balkans, where mental health is a bridge to reconciliation within the framework of the Stability Pact, is a concrete example of what could be achieved when a unifying language is spoken, and when such an effort is reinforced by dedicated support from sources that are not part of the conflict. Terrorism is a paradox—a topicalcontemporary, high-profile subject with clear relevance to the real-world today relevance, yetNevertheless with limited authentic and desperate shortage of research data available es in the area. Therefield there is an urgent need to encourage the younger researchers to take a keen n interest in continuing maintaining research activities .y in the area. Psycho-Social Effects of Terrorism on the Muslim World While nothing is easier than to denounce the evildoer, nothing is more difficult than to understand him. (Mikhailovich Dostovsky) The Muslim World has endured a succession of terrorist attacks in the last decade and faced the war against terrorism with endurance and resilience. The countries most affected were Iraq, Gaza, Afghanistan, Pakistan, and particularly the FATA region in Pakistan which has been labelled as the centre of terrorist training. Pakistan also became the first line of defense in this War on Terror. The most distressing aspect of this war is the amount of destruction, damage and killing of innocent civilians of these regions. Ironically the damage done following the declaration of this war is to a large extent much greater than the loss which resulted due to the actual terrorist incident of 9/11 in New York. The Muslims worldwide have confronted the worst degree of terrorism from the powers who claim to bring peace and justice in the world. It is logical and justifiable to control and battle against those who are involved in such degrading and inhumane acts of terrorism, however, some contemplation is necessary to remodel unreasonable and illogical methods or strategies chosen to fight this terrorism. The international media has been a major partner in this war against terrorism and played a key role in portraying religious extremism in Islam as the major cause of present-day terrorism. But this is untrue since Islam is primarily a religion of peace, love and harmony. Unfortunately, clerics who have limited knowledge of the teachings and values of the Islam have misguided some people for their vested interests. The misinterpretation of the teachings of Islam by irresponsible clerics has led to fanaticism. Islam is the most practical religion of the world. As narrated by Dr Muzammil H. Siddiqi:[26] The concept of human rights in Islam is based on two important principles: dignity of human beings and justice. Islam emphasizes that all human beings are honoured by Allah subhanahu wa taala. Allah wants all human beings to live in peace and harmony and for this reason He wants us to establish justice in this world. Without justice there is no dignity and without dignity and justice there cannot be any peace. There are several passages in the Holy Quran verifying the above narration: If any do fail to judge by (the light of) what God (Allah) hath revealed, they are (no better than) unbelievers. (Holy Quran 5:44). o ye who believe! Stand out firmly for God (Allah), as witnesses to fair dealing, and let not the hatred of others to you make you swerve to wrong and depart from justice. Be just: that is next to piety: and fear God (Allah). For God (Allah) is well-acquainted with all that ye do. (Holy Quran 5:8). Human blood is sacred in any case and cannot be spilled without justification. Violating this rule is equivalent to killing all of humanity: if anyone slew a person — unless it be for murder or for spreading mischief in the land — it would be as if he slew the whole people. (Quran 5:32). Hence the Holy Quran advocates that death of a single human being is a death of humanity. At present it is vital to understand that words terrorism and war against terrorism apparently seems to be propaganda against Islam and Muslims. Such perceptions against Islam and the Muslims have taken a toll on the social, psychological and emotional well-being of Muslims in different parts of the world. (Zafar, 2007).[27] Psycho-Social Impacts of Gaza Conflict: On 31 January 2008, the Gaza Community Mental Health Programme (GCMHP) organized a Conference on Effects of Siege on Life and Mental Health of Palestinians in Gaza Strip. Taysir Diab, Clinical Psychiatrist and Supervisor at GCMHP, talked about the mental impacts of the siege based on GCMHPs experience. He stated that there It is not one, but were a group of bio-psycho social factors that which caused mental illness. Diab of these factors under the siege on Gaza; and that the and its psychological, physical and social impacts of these factors were clinically identifiable. The siege, he said, had a direct effect on the appearance of new psychiatricmental cases and the relapse of old ones. There are personal differences on the physical and psychological levels; there are protective factors such as religion, patriotism, norms and values, as well as social support. All these factors along with others contributed in the protection of individuals. and the development of new mental illnesses in the Palestinian people. According to Diab, a vast majority of the Palestinian populations were suffering from symptoms of psychiatricmental disorders. He pointed out that the clients of GCMHPs Community Centers suffered from various psychological problems, including panic, insecurity feelings of insecurity, easily provoked aggressiveness, anger, easily provoked, psychosomatic disorders, depression, frustration, low morale, fear, poor concentration, lack of belonging or affiliation, lack of confidence in self and others, emotional numbness,numbness, and PTSD symptoms., various physical complaint, Oobsessiveon-Ccompulsive Disorders were common, and there was a definite rise in illness relapses.rise in illness relapses. Diab further mentioned that the siege affected the vulnerable groups, in particular children who suffer increasingly from fear, panic, and at times apathylack the feeling of risks, tendency of sadness and insecurity feelings of insecurity., as well as Bbed-wetting and stutteringstuttering, was also a common presentation. He also pointed that the siege affected the mental health professionals in term of increasing their mental stresspressures and state of frustration, avoidance, nervousness, and professional burn-out. Furthermore, Ahmad Abu Tawahina, Senior Clinical Psychologist and Director General of GCMHP, statedmentioned that the major aimplan behind the siege imposed by Israel wasis to implantinstil panic and fear among the Palestinians citizens. He said: We, as Palestinians, must never live a frustrating and despairing life and have to get rid of the negative impacts of siege since life goes on, and the professionals must exert all efforts in order to help people cope with the difficult situations. Twahina also stated that it was vital that Palestinians should not drown in terror and fear since most of the above mentioned symptoms are natural reactions to a madcrazy reality. He also addressed the concept of victimof victim psychology and commented on the importance of offering the mental services for people who suffer from frequent depressions, and increasing concerns. According to him the mental suffering affects everybody but at different levels, and that theere is depression, anxiety, tension, and despair is prevalent at the entirewhole community levels. In his work paper, . Samir Zaqout, a psychologist at GCMHP, discussedtalked about the social changes resulting from the siege. He statedadded that: the siege started in 1948 when Israeli Occupation practiced siege policy in an attempt to deny the Palestinians their identity: The siege is doubled as it is imposed by Israel and the international community since they didnt allow the Palestinians to practice their rights in a democratic way. Further, Zaqout pointed that the siege affected the Palestinian social fabric and domestic relations as hatred and tendency of revenge increased among the Palestinians. It also affected the moral values and accepting the other as well as increasing inter and intra familial disputes and conflicts. Summing up the proceedings of the Conference Eyad el Sarraj pointed to the significance of highlighting such statistics and showing the direct impacts of the siege on the citizens. He stressed on the importance of the accuracy and avoiding exaggeration in stating any statistics. Sarraj focused on the victim psychology. He said: Since we, as Palestinians, shouldnt adopt the role of victim, and exaggerate in blaming others and defaming ourselves. Our priority should be national reconciliation and unity and supporting the Palestinian resiliency so as to achieve our legitimate rights, endorsed by international conventions. Concluding the conference the mental health experts reiterated that it was crucial that the siege must end and professionals must undertake their roles in the field of education and mental health. This would be the first step in to bring some semblance of normality to the lives of the Gaza Community. This step was vital, in order to enable them to cope with negative consequences of the siege and minimize the resultant burdens. Moreover, it was agreed to work on the promotion of mental resilience programs for ending the siege and developing coping strategies to counter the negative mental health consequences. It was agreed that the Palestinian people are steadfast and live with dignity, and should not bend or despair and take matters positively and effectively in order to resist all schemes aiming at weakening Palestinian social fabric, and to achieve the Palestinian rights in freedom, independence and establishing the Palestinian state. Further, the attendants emphasized the importance of working, as specialists in various fields, on influencing the decision makers in the Palestinian society and acquaint them with the destructive impacts of the siege at all levels, especially the mental health of the future Palestinian generations. The physical and mental health needs of sufferers of Gaza are extremely challenging to address, particularly the psychological and emotional crises. During the last Israeli military strike in the period from December 2008 to January 2009, approximately 1380 Palestinians were killed, of whom 431 were children and 112 women. (United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) (2009). At least 5380 people were injured, including 1872 children and 800 women. In these improvised settings within health facilities such as maternity wards and operating theatres were transformed into trauma units. The consequences must be drastic in terms of maternal and child morbidity and mortality because 3500 deliveries were expected to have taken place during the twenty-three days of military operations. Findings from a recent UNFPA assessment indicate that, during that period there was an increased number of miscarriages in pregnant women (Shifa, Al Aqsa, Naser, Rafah), and an increased neonatal mortality in Shifa Hospital in Gaza City. (UNFPA, (2009). According to World Health Organization (WHO), only the rough estimates show that during the last Gaza crisis 25000 to 50000 people underwent severe mental stress and need some form of psychological intervention to address long-term effects. Women, separated children, elderly people, and people with prior physical or mental disabilities are at high risk of severe emotional distress than others. The restoration of normal socioeconomic conditions, secure living

Marriage In Japan :: essays research papers

Marriage in Japan Why people get married? There would be many reasons; to save money, to escape from loneliness, to have a better life, and so on. But in most case people marry for love. Though it is almost always true, a married life is different between in the western culture and in Japan. A marriage in modern western culture is based on mutuality and companionship. In Western there is a tendency to be independent. Most college graduates live apart from their family and find an apartment near the working place. They have learned how to  ¡Ã‚ °survive ¡Ã‚ ± in single and marriage is an optional. However, a person in Japan who graduates from a college and has a job still lives with one ¡Ã‚ ¯s family until one gets married, which means one keeps the parent-child relationship. Therefore it is hard for a Japanese man to learn to be independent. After he gets married, he now relies on his bride for having foods, doing laundry, and many other things. Takeo Doi explains it with the te rm of amae that means the seeking or causing of oneself to be loved, nurtured, and indulged. He says it is an active attempt to make oneself into a passive love object. One reason why a man continues depending on someone else is that he has been witnessed what his parents have been done and now he considers himself as a head of his own family. In case of woman, it is difficult to keep her job after the marriage, because she needs to take care of her child, which is considered to be a wife ¡Ã‚ ¯s job. She has to do everything else except making money for the family, which makes her dependent on her husband who has the economic power. However in western culture, it is natural for both partners to have their own jobs and to be responsible for every single household job after marriage. Until recently it has been true in Japan but now it is changing. More women have their jobs rather than prepare to be a bride after the graduate. They don ¡Ã‚ ¯t need to get married if they don ¡Ã‚ ¯t want to. It has also become common not to have many children and some couples don ¡Ã‚ ¯t have a child at all. A younger bride could decide to divorce her husband if she wants to because she has a chance to get an economic independence easily nowadays. Marriage In Japan :: essays research papers Marriage in Japan Why people get married? There would be many reasons; to save money, to escape from loneliness, to have a better life, and so on. But in most case people marry for love. Though it is almost always true, a married life is different between in the western culture and in Japan. A marriage in modern western culture is based on mutuality and companionship. In Western there is a tendency to be independent. Most college graduates live apart from their family and find an apartment near the working place. They have learned how to  ¡Ã‚ °survive ¡Ã‚ ± in single and marriage is an optional. However, a person in Japan who graduates from a college and has a job still lives with one ¡Ã‚ ¯s family until one gets married, which means one keeps the parent-child relationship. Therefore it is hard for a Japanese man to learn to be independent. After he gets married, he now relies on his bride for having foods, doing laundry, and many other things. Takeo Doi explains it with the te rm of amae that means the seeking or causing of oneself to be loved, nurtured, and indulged. He says it is an active attempt to make oneself into a passive love object. One reason why a man continues depending on someone else is that he has been witnessed what his parents have been done and now he considers himself as a head of his own family. In case of woman, it is difficult to keep her job after the marriage, because she needs to take care of her child, which is considered to be a wife ¡Ã‚ ¯s job. She has to do everything else except making money for the family, which makes her dependent on her husband who has the economic power. However in western culture, it is natural for both partners to have their own jobs and to be responsible for every single household job after marriage. Until recently it has been true in Japan but now it is changing. More women have their jobs rather than prepare to be a bride after the graduate. They don ¡Ã‚ ¯t need to get married if they don ¡Ã‚ ¯t want to. It has also become common not to have many children and some couples don ¡Ã‚ ¯t have a child at all. A younger bride could decide to divorce her husband if she wants to because she has a chance to get an economic independence easily nowadays.